Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition that affects how people think and behave. It leads to patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which can make it hard for individuals to manage their daily lives.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is often perceived as a childhood condition, but many individuals carry symptoms into adulthood. Research indicates that approximately 2.6% of adults continue to experience ADHD symptoms that originated during their childhood. Furthermore, an additional 6.8% of adults may exhibit symptoms consistent with ADHD despite not having received a formal diagnosis during their early years.
This suggests that ADHD can manifest in various ways, and many adults may struggle with attention-related challenges, impulsivity, and hyperactivity without having been diagnosed as children. The persistence of these symptoms can significantly impact various aspects of adult life, including personal relationships, workplace performance, and overall mental health. Recognizing and addressing ADHD in adults is essential for improving their quality of life and helping them develop effective coping strategies.
What Are the symptoms?
ADHD symptoms can be grouped into three main types: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
Common signs of inattention include:
- Forgetting things easily
- Being disorganized
- Having trouble paying attention to details
Signs of hyperactivity include:
- Fidgeting
- Talking a lot
- Difficulty staying still
Impulsivity symptoms can look like:
- Having trouble waiting for your turn
- Being impatient
- Interrupting others
How Do ADHD and Addiction Develop?
More research is needed to understand the development of addiction and ADHD, but they may share similar risk factors. Studies indicate that issues in the brain’s reward pathways and control systems in those with ADHD can lead to impulsivity and difficulty waiting for rewards, which could increase the risk of substance use. These issues may be linked to dopamine, which plays a role in both ADHD and substance use. While substances might temporarily alleviate ADHD symptoms, continued use can disrupt dopamine pathways and lead to heavier use.
Genetics and environmental factors also contribute to the risk of developing ADHD and substance use disorders, with studies suggesting that around half of a person’s addiction risk and up to 76% of ADHD risk may stem from these influences.
Substance Use and ADHD
Individuals with ADHD are at a higher risk for substance use problems compared to those without the condition. A 2018 study found that young adults with ADHD often use cannabis and smoke cigarettes. Other common substances among adults with ADHD include alcohol, nicotine, and cocaine. These individuals may face increased risks of suicide attempts and challenges in recovery due to lower treatment adherence. However, effective treatments exist to help them lead fulfilling, sober lives.